Between 2015-2022 renewable energy capacity increased to 125 GW (30%) from 45 GW (15%).
Solar capacity increased from 6 GW to 60 GW. [1]
In 2021, Viet Nam's electricity production relied predominantly on coal (47% of the power generation) and hydro (31%), contrasting with the 2017 figures of 33% coal and 46% hydro.
During the same period, solar generation in Viet Nam went from zero to 33 TWh with installed capacity reaching 16.7 GW. In 2017, wind and solar contributed just 0.2% to the country's electricity, a figure that had risen to 12% by 2021. Feed in Tariff policies payed an important role in this.
"Shanghai's rapid urbanisation has spurred inventive transportation policies. The introduction of a license plate auction system aimed at reducing traffic congestion resulted in slower car ownership growth compared to the national average.
Complementing policies implemented in Shanghai aimed at enhancing public transport and promoting modal shifts in line with transit-oriented development principles. Consequently, the annual ridership percentage for rail transport surged from 2% in 1995 to an impressive 45% in 2015, effectively addressing congestion while fostering sustainable urban mobility."
"Coal production in Spain reached a peak in 1984 at 40 Mt per annum. As of 2018, coal production had fallen to 2.4 Mt per annum.
In 1984, around 54,000 people worked in coal mining. However, coal mining employment had already been in decline for over 20 years prior to the 1984 production peak. By 2018, employment had declined to about 1,200 people.
In terms of domestic energy supply, coal accounted for 21% of Spain's total primary energy supply in 1990. This fell to 3% by 2020. For the country's power supply, coal's share fell from 40% in 1990 to 2% in 2020."
Between 2010-2022, electric vehicle (EV) stock increased from 0.1% to 27%.
As of 2022:
BEV stock: 590,000
PHEV stock: 200,000
Public fast charging: 9,100
Public slow charging: 15,000
Share of EV stock: 27%
Share of EV sales: 88% (highest globally) [1]
Namibia's power sector has historically been dominated by hydropower generation. Hydro accounted for 95% of total generation in 2015. Since this time, here has been a significant increase in solar power generation, particularly from 2017. As of 2020, solar generation accounts for around 20% of Namibia's total power generation.
In terms of capacity, solar PV has increased from around 20 MW in 2015 to around 150 MW in 2020 (note that this includes both utility scale and rooftop solar PV). In comparison, hydro capacity has increased only slightly during this time, from 330 MW to 350 MW. Coal capacity has remained flat at 120 MW.
Access to electricity in Namibia stood at 55% in 2021, while access to clean cooking technologies stood at 47%. Both have only slightly increased in recent years suggesting insufficient progress on these sustainable development indicators.
Namibia has set a target of 70% renewable share in domestic power generation by 2030 in their National Renewable Energy Policy.
Ghana loses around 2% of its forest cover per year through deforestation, with forest degradation presenting an even bigger problem. Agricultural expansion, wood harvesting, development, and (illegal) mining are all driving factors.
Ghana has a highly agrarian economy which both drives degradation and is threatened by the ecological impacts of forest degradation and loss.
Agriculture is the second largest source of emissions in Ghana (38%), and the sector with the fastest growth rate since 1990.
Cocoa production accounts for about 16% of total GDP. Climate change is likely to shift the temporal zone in which cocoa can be produced, with production also affected by reduced precipitation and higher annual temperatures.
Coal plays a major role in Chile's energy system, accounting for 18% of the primary energy supply in 2021. The government has made strong decisions to expedite the phase-out of coal from the power sector, with the goal of ceasing operation of all coal-fired plants by 2040 at the latest and retiring 65% of the fleet by 2025.
Uruguay's power sector is dominated by renewables. In 2020, renewables accounted for 94% of generation, reaching up to 98%. Hydropower is a significant source of electricity, with wind power growing significantly over the past 15 years. Uruguay began renewable energy auctions in 2006 and has increased the renewable energy share of the electricity mix by 93% since signing the Kyoto Protocol. [1]
In the first half of 2023, renewable energy sources contributed to 57.7% of the total electricity generation, while energy production from fossil fuels (coal, natural gas) and nuclear reactors has declined significantly.
Since 2016, California has been a leading market for the electrification of the transport sector. About 250,000 electric vehicles are on California roads, and the state has plans and programs in place to reach its goal of 1.5 million electric vehicles by 2025.
Around 63% of dwellings in the state are single-family homes, making it easier for residents to charge a plug-in vehicle. Homeowners dominate the EV market, with 96% of California electric vehicle owners also owning their dwelling, and 91% residing in a single-family home.
In the first half of 2023, 25% of all vehicles sold in California were electric – nearly three times the national average.
The current carbon tax level was set at S$5/tCO2e for the first five years from 2019 to 2023 to provide a transitional period for emitters to adjust.